Alterações histopatológicas pulmonares e patogenia da covid-19: uma revisão literária

Abstract

PULMONARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND PATHOGENESIS OF COVID-19: A LITERARY REVIEW

ABSTRACT

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 made the world turn its attention to a new disease with high scientific complexity related to the commitment of various organs and systems. Considering it is an RNA virus, the new coronavirus has a high mutation rate, thus, it is more susceptible to modifications and consequently develops resistance to drugs. Clinical adversity is constructed by its complex pathogenesis, which develops from an exacerbated immunological response. Although different mechanisms for tissue damage exist, these insults are unified through the presence of unregulated immunological components. It is possible to talk about the new coronavirus's effects on the lung's histopathology by reading this review. Pulmonary involvement and changes at molecular levels are diverse, and it is essential to understand the conditions that involve them, since the virus is able to cause diffuse lung injury, capable of causing numerous repercussions. In the current study, we sought to correlate different pulmonary histopathological alterations with COVID-19: Diffuse Alveolar Damage, Type II Pneumocyte Changes, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Thrombotic Events and Angiogenesis. The PubMed and SciELO platforms were used as a database for this bibliographic review. Scientific articles published between 2004 and 2021 were searched. From this study, it is possible to comprehend how molecular changes can influence future therapy approaches as well as contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of the disease.

KEYWORDS: Angiogenesis; COVID-19; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Pulmonary thrombosis.