Organ transplant dimensionament by region in Brazil, in the period of 2019 to 2023: an comparative analysis.

Abstract

The organs donation is essential to  save and increase the quality of life of thousands of people who wait for a transplant. Brazil is a country that stands out worldly for organs transplant, seeing as its total service is guaranteed by the SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde (in english: Unified Health System). However, this type of treatment have been facing a lot of issued since due to the extension of the contry, the organs' ischemia time, the lack of structure and qualified professionals that, added to the pandemic, generates a low effective rate. Besides, the number of transplants done  in the country is still smaller than demand, generating long wainting lost for this therapy. In that sense, this systematic libraraphic review, from the data from the Brazilian Registry of Transplant Registry, referring to the years of 2019 to 2023, seek to improve the knowledge about the national organ transplant and investigate the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the organ donation by Brazil’s regions. From that, it was observed that the North and Northeast regions of the country, which is not by chance the poorest geographic areas and in need of resources and investment, it was the most affected and, including, it stands out that time period analyzed, there was no heart and lung donations in the North region. In contrast , the South and Southeast regions have been standing out due to their socioeconomic and structural advantages. Furthermore, it is concluded that, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a negative impact on the number of donors and the availability of organs for transplantation. This impact is particularly evident in cornea transplants, which experience the most significant reduction (52.3%) in 2020. After the critical phase of the pandemic subsided, it became possible to analyze that donation rates in Brazil are gradually recovering.